Russia,+Japan,+and+the+West

Russia and Japan: Industrialization outside the West

**Russia** 1. What was the Decemberist uprising? What were its causes and effects?  The Decemberist uprising was a revolt in 1825 against the Western-oriented army officers. The causes were the disagreement with the Holy Alliance idea that was supported by Tsar Alexander I. The effects were the inspiration of a new tsar, Nicholas I and provided reformers in the future. schools and public works tightly administe  conflict of who will succeed 2. What were the weaknesses of the Russian economy?  The weaknesses of the Russian economy was their trade and technology were not as advance than the west. Russian landlords begin to take advantage of Western markets for gain, but increase exports by tightening labor on serfs. no industrial power 3. What caused the Crimean War? what were its major effects?  The Crimean War was caused by British being worry about great power advancing that might cause a threat to their control of India such as French. The major effects were that the Russian lost to the British and was disturb to Russian leadership due to that Western power won because of the Russian does not have great tactics or inspiring principles due to lack of industrial advantages. British are able to send military supplies long distance. strong hold of power  Alexander II ~TIME TO CHANGE 4. Why were serfs emancipated? how did their emancipation differ from the emancipation of slaves in the U.S.? What changes did it create?  Serfs were emancipated because serfdom suited economic needs for the society and retaining the tight grip of tsarist states. Their emancipation were differ from the emancipation of slaves in the U.S. because the aristocrats had part of the lands like fertile holding and the serfs has most of it, while the U.S slaves only received their freedom and nothing else. The changes that was created a larger urban labor force and peasants continue using traditional methods on their plots. cheap labor, serfdoms <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">5 What were the Zemstvoes? How successful were they? <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> The Zemstvoes were councils created by tsar that regulate roads, schools, and regional policies. They were successful by giving Russian middle class such as doctors and lawyers political experience. The councils had no influence on national policy~ the tsar maintain own authority and bureaucracy. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">improve law code and created local political councils <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> literacy increase and markets <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">6. What was the significance of the Trans-Siberian railroad? <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> The significance of the Trans-Siberian railroad in the 1800s connected the European Russia with the Pacific and was complete at 1880s. It lead toward a expansion of Russia’s iron and coal sectors and the development of it led to an export of grain to West. The railroads open up Siberia to new developments. Factories were later to be form. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">government protected from foreign competitions <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">7. What economic reforms were enacted by Sergei Witte <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> The economic reforms that were enacted by Sergei Witte was that the government enacted high tariffs to protect new Russian industry, improved banking system, and encouraging Western investors to build factories. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Count Witte 1892-1903 government pass high tariffs <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">8. What were the signs that Russia was headed to revolution? (think about - intelligentsia, anarchists, Marxists, Bolsheviks.) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> The signs that Russia was headed to revolution were anarchists that wanted to get rid of all formal government and took a force in Russia in opposition of tsarist autocracy. The Bolsheviks wanted to have a better Russian conditions, therefore workers form strikes. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">social protest <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Japan: Transformation without Revolution** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1. Explain major developments in Japan in the early 1800's <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> The major developments in Japan in the early 1800s was intellectual life and culture under the Tokugawa regime, Neo-Confucianism continues to gain ruling elite, Buddhism. School and academies expanded reaching below upper class through commoner schools called terakoya that teaches reading, writing, and rudiments of Confucianism to normal people. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">samurai continue <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> government fiance problems~ taxation based on agricultural

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 2. What effect did the actions of Commodore Perry have on Japan? (include details on Samurai discontent) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> The effect that the actions of Commodore Perry have on Japan is that the Samurai was sent into western Europe to study economic and political institutions, and technology. They were impress by what they seen and they receive a vice in the government. Also they form new opportunities in political and business to change. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1853~ American naval competitor open up Japan to the West. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Open ports for commanrs for European <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Japanese favor isolation <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> internal issues among the country~ corruption <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Samurai open up government.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3. List the actions taken by the Meiji State <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> The actions taken by the Meji State was getting rid of feudalism and replacing daimyos in 1871. Government finance improve and the Meiji introduce a real revolution, abolishing samurai class and stipends this group to receive any. Tax on agriculture became payable in money. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">centralized government <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> officials were sent to Europe for study <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> ability from foreign rulers <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Constitution of 1889 gave authority to emperor <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> samurai became poor due to government

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4. Explain how Japan Industrialized - (Private and government roles) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> The Japan industrialized with abandoning national market and land reform created individual ownership for farmers that expanded production and introduce new fertilizers and equipment. The government has control in manufacturing, state operation, and creation transportation network. With the government control, it help check foreign advisers and establish the Ministry of Industry in 1870. The government also provided structure within Japan to develop fronts. Zaibastsu were later form. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">new banks were create <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> new armies <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> new factories providing education and programs <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> textiles <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> foreign influences were form

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">5. List ways that Industrialization changed Japan <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Japan society was disrupted by massive population growth <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> nutrition and new medical provisions reduce death rates <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Japanese became more stable on resources <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> universal education system stressing science and importance of technical <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">cheap labor <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> education system <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> scientific apporach <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> western fashion and dress were adopted <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Christianty ~ not effected <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> childern became less useful <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> divorces ~ increases <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> samouri provide nationist into the nation <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> fought over korea <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Asian power

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">6. What division within Japanese society were created by modernization? <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> The division within Japanese society that was created by the modernization is western style, intellectual life that scholars copied Western philosophies and literary styles.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> One pre industrial civilization that was a major factor in collapse of another is the European civilization. I think it was rare because the European provided most of the industrialized ideas and things to the other civilizations influencing them. Also, not every civilization are fully developed and industrialized like the European. The isolation that the Native Americans has for the Europe, Africa, and Asia because they don’t have to deal with oversea invasions and conflicts from the Native Americans. The scientific and industrial revolutions gave the European military power and allowing them have a better advantage of control over other civilizations. The west is losing these advantages today because others civilization are beginning to be developed and maintain the same military powers and weapons that they have developed. Also, they are becoming advance at the same time.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Japan and China~ response to the European ~ adopt other civilization