The+Rise+of+Russia

THE RISE OF RUSSIA



//RUSSIA'S EXPANSIONIST POLITICS UNDER THE TSARS//
 * 1) Describe the effects of Mongol occupation on Russian civilization

The Mongol occupation played a big role in Russian civilization.They reduced the Russian cultural life and lowering the levels of education of the priests. Economic life, trading, and manufacturing were limited and decreased. Russia was mainly dependent on peasants labor. Also, the Russian landlords adopted Mongol styles of dress and social habits. ﻿cause economic growth decline justified rebellions against Russian leaders.

Russian expansion under the Ivan started out good, but ended up bad. The Ivan pushed southward toward Caspian Sea and east into the Ural mountains. They begin to recruit peasants to migrate to the new lands called the cossacks. The cossacks spirit provided more volunteers for further more expansion. When expansion occurs, rewards toward the loyal nobles and bureaucrats by giving them the estates in the new lands. It gave more lands for agricultural areas and sources of labor. The Ivan eliminated independent central Asia. recruit peasants called coassaks
 * 1) Trace Russian expansion under the Ivan.

RUSSIAN EXPANSION COMPARE AND CONTRAST WEST 1400-1800 West: Depended mainly on religion Warfare~ crusades Farther territories. strong navy

Spain reconcista over Muslims venture capital= private gains= more commercial plantation agriculture corp sea based empire Elizabeth and Isabella missionary

Similarities: Spread with cultural influences containing rulers and leaders dependence on coercive Labor systems developing centralized government agricultural ~ new lands

Colonization Religious element conquests = strong military controls of the Mongol origins=overcoming internal invaders women

Russia: Influences of West keeping its tradition weak rulers

Russia~ nearer lands to them ﻿ ﻿weak navy overthrow of Mongol overlords venture capital = state gains -> state estate agriculture Russia remain dependent economy land base empire <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff0000; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Catherine the Great <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff0000; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Protectors of C in E

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">THESIS STATEMENT: In the 1400-1800, the Russia and West seeks different ways to the expansion of their government and lands, but at the same time they have similar ways to their expansions.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">//Themes in Early Modern Russian History Notes:// <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">MI: Nobility begin to take and establish their position more in the Russian and eastern Europe society.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Landed nobles divided between minority of great magnates~ lived in major cities, provide cultural patronage, and smaller landowners.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Serfdom: The Life of East Europe’s Masses** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">MI: In the 17th and 18th century, nobles gain more powers over serfs and creating more labor systems.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">After the Tatars~ increasing numbers of Russian peasants was in debt and be under the nobles landowners when they can’t repay it back (access to lands)~ Serfdom~ was spread with new territories.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Laws were passed~ connecting serfs to lands and increased legal rights of landlords.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Russia set up a system of serfdom that similar to slavery~ can be sold, gambled away, punished by masters, but serfs were mainly own people.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Labor system increases~ mining, manufacturing, farming.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Trade and Economic Dependence** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">MI: Serfs and landlords gain more attention in the government, while social and economic system to begin to arise and later suffer due to limitations.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Russia’s European trade was handle by Westerners and reply on shipping from them.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Russia’s population increased.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Limitations~ agricultural methods were traditional~ wants to improved.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Social Unrest** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">MI: By the 18th century, peasant rebellions were taken place to protest against the nobles.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rebellions peasants destroy manorial records, seize lands, and kill landlords, and officials.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pugachev rebellions~ promised an end to serfdom and taxation.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pugachev were brought into Moscow in case and cute quarters to Moscow.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Russia and Eastern Europe** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> MI:During the era, the Russians, Eastern and Western Europe begin to expand with territories, trade,and powers.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Balkans~ under Ottoman control~ grow trade with West sparking new cultural exchange.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Merchants brought the idea of Enlightenment.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Scientific Revolution and Reformation.

Leader Analysis Sheet Catherine || 1729-1796 || Title: Catherine II, Catherine the Great. || Russia || Years in Power 1762 || Leader Analysis Sheet Peter I || 1724 || Title: Peter the Great || Russia || Years in Power 1689-1724 || o Upper-Class women gain more freedom, but the peasants didn’t. ~ To be more like the West. o Men nobles~ shave off beards and wear Western style clothing~ only upper class were involved.
 * Name of Leader:
 * Lifespan
 * Country/region:
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power
 * Use Pugachev rebellion help spread central government powers in regional affairs.
 * Maintained an active personal life and had succession of lovers~ some were politically influential.
 * Gave more powers to noble~ able to be part of the government and have control over peasants-> increasing the harshness of punishments nobles that could give to serfs. ||
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * Defend powers of central monarch
 * Decrease the vigorous peasant uprising
 * Converted to Orthodox faith
 * Encourage nobles to tour the West and send their children to educate there.
 * Avoiding cultural influences from the West.
 * Encourage expansion
 * Explan plan of Peter the Great
 * Centrailizition and strong royal was important
 * Brought enlightenment idea into Russia. ||
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power
 * Brought ideas of French Enlightenment.
 * Imported French philosophers for visits and patronizing the arts and sciences.
 * Discussion of new law codes and other western style measures~ reduction of punishments.
 * Increase Russian interference in Polish affairs
 * Putting down European French armies of Napoleon after 1812~ moving into the heartland of western Europe.
 * Pugachv presant rebelllion
 * Gain more powers to nobles to have control of serfs ||
 * Short-Term effects:
 * Radishev~ sought abolition of serfdom and more liberal political rule, but his writing was banned.
 * Resumed campaigns against Ottoman Empire
 * Winning the partition of Poland
 * New elements from West had enter and altered Russia’s economy and culture || Long-Term Effects
 * The French Revolution breaking out in 1789.
 * Wining new territories
 * Independence
 * Strong central state created by tsars ||
 * Name of Leader:
 * Lifespan
 * Country/region:
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power
 * Extended Russian territory and building up tsarist control.
 * Autocrat-> put down revolts against his rule with cruelty.
 * Extended policy that recruit bureaucrats from outside of aristocratic ranks.
 * No interest in parliament features in the West.
 * Build up metallurgical and mining~ landlords were rewarded with the use of serf labor to work for manufacturing operations.
 * To become more like Western Europe
 * Peasants forget the language Russian and know French. ||
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * Creating a trained fighting force that put down local militias. ~ Western military organization.
 * Improvement in political organization, economic development, and cultural change.
 * Russia more culturally respectable to the Western.
 * Cut from traditions~ have state-power and have elite to new identities.
 * Not to have the people to be involve in technological and intellectual of Westernization.
 * Wanted economic development~ to support military strength than achieve wider commercial goals. ||
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power
 * Attacked Ottoman Empire~ won no victories
 * Warred with Sweden gaining Northern Europe power.
 * Gained territory on eastern coast of Baltic Sea.
 * Streamline Russia bureaucracy/control military structure using Western organization principles.
 * Councils of nobles were elminiated and replaced by advisors under the control
 * Elected town councils were under the rule of a leader
 * Law codes and tax systems reform increas burdens on peasants
 * Serfdom. ||
 * Short-Term effects:
 * Reduced Sweden to second-rate military status.
 * Tax system
 * Increase power of state through recruitment of bureaucrats from outside the artocracy ~ military forces
 * Secret police was created to prevent corruptions in bureaucracy
 * Changed the capital to Baltic city
 * Nobles had shave their beards and dress in Western Style || Long-Term Effects
 * Control of the sea~ ice-free port.
 * Training of institutes ~ getting bureaucrats and officers.
 * Improved weapons, aid, and Russian navy.
 * Created well-defined military hierarchy~ when developing bureaucratic departments.
 * Scientific institutes and academics from the Western were found~ brought discussion of latest scientific and technical findings became more common.
 * Changed the economy and culture through limitations of Western forms.
 * Provide increase education in mathematics and technical subjects
 * Bringing elite into the Western cultural zone
 * Condition of upper class women ~improvement. ||