The+Rise+And+Spread+of+Islam

The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam //ESPIRIT CHART OF ISLAM// **IT WAS HAND WRITTEN** **GOING TO BE SCAN IN** //Islam Movie:// · Islam – empire of faith · Muhammad born in 570 A.D, but parents dead when he was 6 years old · Protector of his uncle and wife was killed- left alone · Clans were invading many places · Muhammad brings unity and peace with his message · Clans were divided · Father and son were fighting each other · Muhammad did not challenge the other religions of faith · Islam is mostly surrounded with deserts · Ka’ba – trades in Mecca · Muhammad was a merchant –trade · ¼ the world’s populations follows Islamic faith · Developed from the Hellenistic knowledge · Believed only one divine god · Muhammad begin to convert people · Idea of helping everyone and equal spiritually was spread all around · Muhammad was the voice of god · Jihad conquered Mecca and won the faith of Bedouin tribes · Mecca and Medina – trade cities · Water was the cause of war  __ **Summary**: __ Islam was considered to be the empire of faith and developed from the Hellenistic knowledge. Muhammad was born in 570 A.D, his parents dead when he was 6 years old. His protector, his uncle and his wife was killed and he was left alone. The Islam believed in only one divine god. Muhammad was considering himself as the voice of god and begins to convert people. He wanted to bring unity and peace with his messages. Muhammad did not challenge other religions of faith. Also, he wanted the ideas of helping everyone and equal spiritually to be spread to other places. Islam is mostly surrounded by deserts; different clans have fought for water. Muhammad has taken over Mecca with his troops and Ka’ba was created. Trades were taken place in the cities of Mecca and Medina. Islam continues to spread and ¼ of the world’s populations follows the faith of Islamic. //2.) Question of Page 136-143//    The death of Muhammad had lead to the expansion of Islam because Muhammad didn’t announce who would be the next to take his spot, so Islam won’t have a leader to take the position. As a result, commanders begin to use their ability to take over.    The motivations for Islamic conquest were the unity that the Islamic faith gave by having a sense of common cause and strength. The cause to their new religion has been another motivate for the Islamic conquest.      The Umayyads were able to defeat their adversaries because the adversaries had poorly prepared forces, lose of the Fertile Crescent region, defection of Arab tribes on frontier, and the Muslim breaking into Sasanian heartland.     The death of Uthman has caused the major division in Islam. The Umayyads begins to reject Ali’s claims and seek revenge when he fails to punish the Uthman’s assassins. Wars soon begin between the two. The extent of the Islamic Empire under the Umayyads was from Spain in the west to central Asia in the east. Political center of the community shifted to Damascus in Syria and bureaucracy was established. People of the book were treated under the Umayyads by needing to pay jizya and both commercial/ property taxes, communities and legal system were not changed, and they were not force to worship. The gender structures under the Umayyads was that female infant were forbid to be killed, Men were allow to marry up to four wives, but forbid to have multiple marriages if he can’t support them, Women not allow to take more than one husband, but was allow to have a say to who to marry, bride-price paid by the husband’s family were given to the wife instead of her father, women have occupations and becoming active. Also women have more to say. The factors that led to the decline of the Umayyads were revolts that were created. Warriors settlers were angered by that they were rarely given a share of money. Also they view Umayyads and the Damascus elite as corrupted, so they begin to march under the black banners of Abbasid party. Mawali felt that under the rule of Umayyad, they had never been recognized as a fully Muslim. Later Persia and Iraq begin to rebel. The Abbasid victory has led a conquest for Syria to capture the Umayyad capital. Islam and Trade //ESPIRIT Chart Pre-Islamic Arabian// //Arabian, 600's C.E.// -enforce shaykhs’ -families mostly part of the clan group
 * __ How did the death of Muhammad lead to the Expansion of Islam? __
 * __ What were the motivations for Islamic conquest? __
 * __ How were the Umayyads able to defeat their adversaries? __
 * __ What caused the major division in Islam? __
 * __ What was the extent of the Islamic Empire under the Umayyads? __
 * __ How were people of the book treated under the Umayyads? __
 * __ Explain gender structures under the Umayyads __
 * __ What factors led to the decline of the Umayyads? __
 * E || * Safety of trade routes control by nomadic tribes~ lived along the vulnerable caravan routes to the north/south.
 * Cities developed farther north as links in the transcontinental trading system.
 * **Umayyad** of the **Quraysh** Bedouin tribe found the town of **Mecca**.
 * Medina’s inhabitants grew date palms, the fruits and seeds were use as trade to Bedouins.
 * Mecca-> center of trade
 * Arabia desert wasteland
 * Great trade cities ||
 * S || * Free warriors

Slave families -remaining people from defeated clans -serve the shaykhs’ or the clan. -both men and women were allow to have many partners -men required to pay bride-price to the wife’s family -not secluded/don’t wear veils -advices were regarded in clan/tribal councils -wrote poems focusing on Bedouin cultural life -hard working laborers -status depended on custom of each clans/tribes - practice monogamous Men practice polygamy -Warriors from one clan found out another clan was drawing water from their wells, they would killed them. -Wars involve due to other clan being in the area of pasturelands and watering places. -An insult toward one clan can lead to a war. -Death of warriors -> required revenge to be taken on the clan that killed them. -foreign invasions -damages of Bedouin people. -clans/tribal tells poems about kinsmen’s heroics war/clan’s great deeds. ||
 * Women
 * Clan councils were the top of the society
 * Women higher status~ key economic roles
 * Town development and social organization ||
 * P || * Social organization focuses on clan, family, and culture including language/religion. *similar to nomads*
 * Arabian -> dependence on loyalty to one’s family/clan (survival)
 * Clan’s **shaykhs** (leaders of tribes and clans) were elected by councils of elder advisors.
 * Violence involve in clans: *weaken Bedouins*
 * Bedouin herders civilizations were destroy:
 * Clan-> took actions and struggles to control vital pasturelands and watering places.
 * Nomads dominated peninsula ||
 * I || * Battles were fought according to a cold of chivalry.
 * **Ka’ba** attracted pilgrims/customers for Mecca’s bazaars.
 * Medina had long distance caravan trade passing through Arabia.
 * Umayyad control Mecca and the control of Medina was a conflict by two Bedouin/three clans.
 * Shaykhs were leaders of clans and mostly men with large herds.
 * Fought for water
 * Gather @ Mecca for force tribes
 * Ka’ba was the religious momument ||
 * R || * Bedouin religion shaped career of prophet ~ spread of new beliefs.
 * Spread of monotheistic ideas/growing of dissatisfaction with old gods.
 * Blend of animism/polytheism (worship of many gods/ goddesses)
 * Spirits/gods associated with night
 * Worship of nature spirits focus on caves, pure springs, tree groves.
 * Little to do with ethics ||
 * I || * **Medina** established in an oasis~ wells/springs-> sedentary agriculture possible.
 * Poetry composed/transmitted orally- no written language.
 * T || * Mecca and Medina population is linked by kinship to Bedouin people.
 * Increase of towns and trade enrich some clan families, but left others behind with poverty. ||