The+Classical+Period+Directions,++Diversities,+and+Declines+by+500+C.E.

The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities, and Declines by 500 C.E.      //1.) NOTES ON HINDUISM/BUDDHISM//   · Continue on-> beliefs of reincarnation (souls that comes back alive in another body) / spiritual interest in union along w/ divine essence, extensive rituals, ceremonies.
 * Hinduism

· Experience an increase on its appeal after the fall of Guptas.

· Expanded with languages/ worship of mother goddess, Devil. || Buddhism · Buddhist expansion/leaders were monks.

· Divides faithful of abandoned earthly life favoring spiritual dedication and larger number that continue to work in the world, trying their best to meet their spiritual obligations.

· After Buddha’s death-> bodhisattvas developed, shifting from original emphasis on ethics to becoming more emotional that stresses to popular salvation by the prayer/advising spiritual matters.

· Spread after the fall of Han dynasty.

· Spread toward Asia/ East Asian form Mahayana (another type of Buddhism).

· Buddhist becomes god toward people-> temples, organization, statues, and etc were created.

· Patriarchal power, women believe to have souls as men, spiritual accomplishments.

· Men value pious Buddhist wives-> might benefit family’s salvation/keeping wives calm.

· Many villages worshiped in Buddhist shrines. ||                                                                                                                                        //2.) Decline Notes of India, Rome, and China//   · Invaders  o Hun group from central Asia overthrew the Guptas.  o Islam, Arab armies under the banner of Allah-> invade some of India’s northwestern   · Guptas emperors controlling local princes~ decline in the 5th century.   · Northern portions of India~ affected by Hun tribes in the early 500 C.E.  o Deeper~ destroying Gupta Empire in central India.   · (**Rajput**) Has grouped of regional princes to control small states and control of military~ no native ruler build Indian state.   · Buddhism decline~ Hinduism increase   · Hindu leaders~ strength Hinduism  o Hindu text written in native languages (Hindi).   è Use of old languages (Sanskrit) decline   ü Distract India from achievements in science/mathematics · India’s international economic position~ taken over. o Lose of Indian Ocean from Tamil merchants. è philosophical systems reduced || Rome · Germanic Invaders o Harassed by the Asiatic Huns/ swept across Italy invading causing destruction. · Weak emperors · Diseases from China o Money problem. o Population decreased o Economic life turn terrible o Recruitments~ harder-> hire Germanic soldiers on guard. · Social decline (hopes) · Aristocracy decreases · Trade decreases-> estates trying to be more independent. · Culture decreases o Nobility-> not serious o Scholars wrote books instead of trying something new o Beliefs were over rational seeking || China · Invaders o Nomadic tribes toppled the Chinese Han dynasty. · Confucian intellectual activity-> less creative. · Central government control gone. è Bureaucrats more corrupt è Landlords ü Took up slack/ruling neighborhoods according to them. ü Free peasants Ø Lose of farms Ø Become day laborers Ø Sell children · Social unrest increase o Daoists in 184 C.E. created revolutionary è Gained new appeal è Shifted -> popular religion è Adding healing practices/ magic to philosophical beliefs. è **Yellow Turbans** (Daoist leaders) attack weakness of emperor/ bringing their own desire into the bureaucracy. · 30,000 students ~ against the fall of the government, but failed · Chinese population growth/ prosperity continue to decline. · Diseases brought into the Han o Killed up half of population o Led toward 3 centuries of chaos (unrest) è Regional leaders/ weak dynasties rise/fell o China’s cultural unity ~ threatened / Buddhism continues to spread ||
 * India