Classical+China

Classical China

//1.) ESPIRIT CHART ON HAN DYNASTY//


 * ESPIRIT CHART**

Civilization/Nation/Group: Chinese~ Han Dynasty Time Period: The Classical Period 1000 B.C.E-500 C.E.


 * E || * Agricultural societies-> heavy relied on individual families-> linked to other relatives-> extended family networks.
 * Wu Ti-> created examinations for his bureaucrats.
 * Organized production of salt/iron-> standardizing currency, weight, measures facilitated trade.
 * Controlling agricultural supplies-> storing grain/rice~ controlling price increases.
 * Did not depend on slaves for actual production.
 * Silk Road~ trade route, Trading goods with different nations ||
 * S || * Practice ancestor worship-> join family members.
 * Village leaders-> help farming families to regulate property, coordinate planting, and harvest work.
 * Peasants-> provide dues and service-> control some of the lands of their master.
 * Social groups-> landowning aristocracy/bureaucrats, peasants/urban artisans, and mean people (people without meaningful skills).
 * Oldest male child takes the property and position of the family. (tight family structure)
 * cultural identity "Sons of Han", Mandarins~ created, five classics~ promoting literary and philosophical improvement ||
 * P || * Expanded the powers of bureaucracy.~ helpers of the emperor
 * Government-> operate military and judicial systems.
 * Promoted public works (irrigation/canal system).
 * Taxes on peasants. ||
 * I || * Restore attack on local warrior-landlords.
 * Trade with India.
 * Isolation from others.
 * Silk Road trade with other countries. ||
 * R || * Father in charge in the family.
 * Promoting Confucian philosophy-> official statement of Chinese values/ encouraging worships of Confucius.
 * Confucian-> recorded in books and taught to bureaucrats.
 * Legalism has form, but not as popular as Confucianism.
 * Daoism -> arose the same time as Confucianism during waning centuries.
 * Daoism-> formal religion. ||
 * I || * Wu Ti-> establish school to train men for exceptional talent/ability for the exam.
 * Research in astronomy.
 * Maintenance of historical records.
 * Classical literature has improved.
 * Chinese art-> decorative, stressing careful detail/craftsmanship
 * Mandarin Chinese, Five Classics, Lunar Calendar, Legalism/Daoism/Confucianism ||
 * T || * Developed an accurate calendar based on 365.5 days.
 * Invented seismograph to predict earthquakes.
 * New collar for draft animals.
 * Iron mining-> advance.
 * Textiles and pottery methods developed in world standards.
 * Water-powered mills invented.
 * Paper was created.
 * art and science ||

//2.) LEADER ANALYSIS//

> -many cultures/ languages || China problems~existed b/c of local aristocracy Public against Tyranny
 * Name of Leader: **Shi Huangdi** ||
 * Lifespan: Death->210 B.C.E. || Title: first emperor of China ||
 * Country/region: China || Years in Power 221 B.C.E.-210 B.C.E. ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power
 * -Fall of Zhou
 * -Shi Huangdi-> took over the Zhou emperor & within 35 years->made himself as a ruler.
 * -Qin dynasty-> prevent political from decreasing ~ loosing political units~ religion
 * -China->civilization
 * -Central government-> more exception than rule
 * -Wanting to unite
 * -Shi-> understands China’s problems -> order nobles to leave regions and helping him run the dynasty.
 * became king when he 13 years old~ Qin
 * during Era of Warring States/containing feudalism
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * -Keeping invasions out ~ expansions
 * -Unwelcome formal culture (burn books)
 * -Government ~ central government -> made written script uniform by making a single basic language-> 1 country talking in one language.
 * -Carefully pick officials from not aristocratic groups-> could not owe their power to him/ not dare to create independent bases.
 * Dynasty~ permanent rule ||
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power
 * -Extended Chinese territory and political control to the south like Hong Kong and also influencing northern Vietnam.
 * -Guards-> in the north to protect invasions from the outside.
 * - Built the Great Wall extending over 3000 miles (force labor).
 * -Organizing China into large parts that is ruled by the bureaucrats (chosen by emperor).
 * National censuses
 * standard coinage weights and measures
 * burn books
 * creation of single language
 * army ||
 * Short-Term effects:
 * -The Qin dynasty
 * - Standardized coinage, weights, and measures->realm
 * - Government furthered agriculture, sponsoring new irrigation projects and promoted manufacturing || Long-Term Effects
 * -Mandarin Chinese ~ single group of people speaking the same language.
 * -Building the Great Wall (invasion)
 * people revolt son~ Han-> success, an end to Era Warring States, Bureaucracy was develop, China united, destroying China's history ||

//3.) SUMMARY OF PHILOSOPHY//

MI: Daoism erase all people's mind and promote to be closer toward nature to have no government control.
 * Daoism is about harmony, nature, and without the involvement of the government. It was created by Lao Zi, who believes in Confucius. Daoism is the originator of heaven and earth. People were able to have freedom and things should go the way that nature goes. When things should go the way it goes, the people should follow it as a law. Daoism is a philosophy that considers people and government to do nothing, letting faith take the lead. Also, people are able to let go of their dignity and everything else to be nice to everyone, there won’t be any bad things happening in this world. The government shouldn’t take over and let people have their rights for their freedom to do what they like. It provides system of unity during times of political turmoil.


 * Daoism would be the best philosophy for China following the era of warring states because it keeps China out of trouble. They won’t have to deal with invasions from other parts of the world and would have more time to develop their country more. Also, people won’t have to be under the rules of a ruler that might posses a lot of power. Also, people are able to have a say in the government and no money is being taken from them.

"I will do nothing, and the people will be transformed of themselves; I will be fond of keeping still, and the people will of themselves become correct. I will take no trouble about it, and the people will of themselves become rich; I will manifest no ambition, and the people will of themselves attain to the primitive simplicity."


 * Daoism was the best philosophy in that time because it provided a sense of unity. other religions had political difficulties,like confusism was too easy going, legalism was too strict. Daoism is less active government and more freedom.


 * a sage has said, "I will do nothing, and the people will be transformed of themselves; I will be fond of keeping still, and the people will of themselves become correct. I will take no trouble about it, and the people will of themselves become rich; I will manifest no ambition, and the people will of themselves attain to the primitive simplicity."

//4.) KEY TERMS//

· Died in 210 B.C.E.  · Begin construction of Great Wall · Standardization -> coinage, weights, and measures · Burn books-> records in China · National censuses · Created Mandarin-> single language in China · Expanded China || · Shi Huangdi-> ruler · Central government · Bureaucratic system begin · Expanding territory · Started the Great Wall · Mandarin Chinese -> single language · Burning of books · Promoted silk road || · Production of salt and iron · Control public works ~ canal system & Irrigation · Has taxation/ labor · “Sons of Han” ->cultural · Extends family networks · Has strict laws · Bureaucracy · Worship Confucius · Mandarins-> commoners-> Mean People è Mandarins= nobles è Commoners-> serf farmers/ urban artisans è Mean People punish more strictly || · Created Middle Kingdom (Huanghe to Yangtze) · Follow Shang rule · Idea of mandate of Heaven-> “sons of Heaven” · Oral form-> Mandarin Chinese || · Created by the Shi Huangdi · Keeping out of Northern invaders · Extended over 3000 miles · Build by force labor/slavery || · Harmony of nature · Found by Lao Zi  · Created from Confucianism · No government involve || · Promote bureaucracy · More widespread · Into literature, art, learning è Respect to older people || · View most of Han political traditions è philosophy || · Han dynasty uses it under Wu Ti  · Begin in Qin dynasty · Followed by Han · Successful to the Chinese è Confucianism-> Bureaucracy enhanced by professionalization è Future rulers can not rule without it ||
 * Classical China Terms**
 * Shi Huangdi || · Emperor of Qin Dynasty
 * Qin || · Started when Zhou Dynasty ended
 * Han || · Trading -> Romans, Middle East, India
 * Zhou || · ~300 years
 * Great Wall || · Started during the Qin dynasty
 * Daoism || · Philosophy-> create during Zhou dynasty
 * Confucianism || · Created by Wu Ti
 * Legalism || · Government actions and public -> control by military
 * Bureaucracy || · System of government-> officials with military/ legal powers to govern

//Summary of China:// During the classical period of China, the Chinese has increase political, drift away from religion, and form central government. The Zhou Dynasty has created the Middle Kingdom and has the idea of "sons of Heaven". When the Zhou Dynasty has ended, the Qin Dynasty took over and was rule by Shi Huangdi. Shi Huangdi has begin the construction of the Great Wall and expanded China. The Great Wall was built by force labor/slavery. Also, he created a single language in Chinese called "Mandarin". Also, he burn books of China and standardize coinage, weights, and measures. Under the Qin Dynasty, central government form and bureaucratic system begin. When the Han Dynasty has come into place, it control public works such as canal system and people begin to worship Confucius. China has extended family networks. Later on in China, 3 philosophy begin to exist such as Daoism, Confucianism, and Legalism. Daoism was a philosophy that wasn't popular in China. On the other hand Confucianism that promoted bureaucracy and respect to elderly. Lastly, Legalism is when the government actions and public are all control by military. China decided to remain as a isolated nation.